12th to 25th Egyptian Dynasties; Developing Chronology

On January 6th I posted a first draft of an attempt to peg the 15th to 18th Egyptian dynasties into the era from around 1145 BC to about 850 BC. Here we will try to expand it forward and backwards, using 701 BC as the date for Twenty-Fifth Dynasty Pharaoh Shebitku's rescue of Jerusalem, and an estimate of 670 BC for Pharaoh Tarhaqa's (the last fully Black African Pharaoh) retreat southward into Nubia.

A rough estimate of the eras for each Dynasty, and probable birth dates for major figures in the 18th Dynasty ruling elite:

12th Dynasty - 1395 BC to 1235 BC

13th Dynasty - 1235 BC to 1175 BC

14th Dynasty - 1190 BC to 1130 BC

15th and 16th (concurrent) Dynasty - c1145 BC to 1065 BC

17th Dynasty - c 1075 BC to c 1020 BC

18th Dynasty - c 1020 BC to 830 BC

Second draft of estimated birth dates for Eighteenth Dynasty luminaries:

Ahmose - 1045 BC

Amenhotep I - 1025 BC

Thutmose I - 1015 BC

Thutmose II - 1000 BC

Thutmose III - 985 BC

Thutmose IV - 968 BC

Amenhotep II - 952 BC

Yuya - 930 BC

Tuya - 923 BC

Amenhotep III - 918 BC

Kiya - 905 BC

Tiye - 901 BC

Aye - 899 BC

Amenhotep IV - 897 BC

Tutankhamun - 870 BC

REVISED estimates Feb 2010:

Ahmose - 1030 BC

Amenhotep I - 1010 BC

Thutmose I - 995 BC

Thutmose II - 980 BC

Thutmose III - 955 BC

Thutmose IV - 935 BC

Amenhotep II - 909 BC

Yuya - 907 BC

Tuya - 902 BC

Aye - 888 BC

Tiye - 886 BC

Amenhotep III - 885 BC

Kiya - 870 BC

Amenhotep IV - 869 BC

Smenkhare - 851 BC

Tutankhamun - 848 BC

Next section dates updated Feb 2010.

19th Dynasty - 830 BC to 790 BC

20th Dynasty - 820 BC to 765 BC

21st Dynasty - 760 BC to 710 BC

22nd Dynasty - 760 BC to 705 BC

23rd Dynasty - 755 BC to 710 BC

24th Dynasty - 730 BC to 720 BC

25th Dynasty - 735 BC to 655 BC

Peace 2 All

730 BC to 680 BC; Organic Chronology of Global History

Each post in this series is intended to promote discussion and many posts will be expanded as further research is completed.

In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties led to rule from Nubia in the 25th Dynasty, when the Sun Kings re-took the throne after a period of exile in Ethiopia. Circa 728 BC, Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt. In the year 719 BC, King Huan of Zhou of the Zhou Dynasty becomes ruler of China.

Hezekiah witnessed the forced resettlement of the northern Kingdom of Israel by Sargon's Assyriansin c 720 BC and was king of Judah during the invasion and siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib in 701 BC. The siege was lifted by a miraculous plague that afflicted Sennacherib's army. Even so, the Assyrians conquered much of Judah, and Hezekiah's people came to yearn for an ideal king who would restore the golden age of David.

Notably, Isaiah and Micah prophesied during his reign. Hezekiah enacted sweeping religious reforms, during which he removed non-Yahwistic elements from the Jerusalem temple. In 701 BC, King Hezekiah of Judah, backed by Egypt, revolts against King Sennacherib of Assyria. Sennacherib sacks many Palestinian cities, but fails in his attempt to take Jerusalem.

During 691 to 689 BC, Taharqa, a king of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, ascends the throne of Egypt (approximate date), and King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.

Circa 687 BC, Hezekiah was succeeded by Manasseh as king of Judah. and 682 BC marked the death of King Zhuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.

930BC to 845BC: New Chronology of World History

As part of our organic review of the past 3,000 years of human history (980BC to 2020 AD), here we look at the time period from about 955 to 845 BC.

Estimated Birth Years of 18th Dynasty Luminaries:

Thutmose III - 955 BC

Thutmose IV - 935 BC

Amenhotep II - 909 BC

Yuya - 907 BC

Tuya - 902 BC

Aye - 888 BC

Tiye - 886 BC

Amenhotep III - 885 BC

Kiya - 870 BC

Amenhotep IV - 869 BC

Smenkhare - 851 BC

Tutankhamun - 848 BC

CIRCA 920BC to 900BC:

900 BC—Geometric period of vases starts in Ancient Greece.

CIRCA 920BC to 880BC:

910 BC - Death of Zhou Yi Wang, King of Zhou Dynasty in China

909BC - Zhou Xiao Wang revives Zhou Dynasty in China

900BC - Kingdom of Kush flourishes along the Upper Nile, Blue Nile and white Nile in what is now Sudan and Ethiopia

900BC - Indo-Aryans discover iron and invade and settle in the Ganges Valley

Circa 880BC: Yuya Joseph goes up to Palestine as Reuel

According to the new chronology of David Rohl, the reigns of both Ramses I and Hattusilis III were each around 300 years more recent than had been thought. Hattusilis was king from about 925BC to 869 BC, with his son Tuthalyas IV co-ruling with him from 895 BC to 880 BC.

My own research indicates the Ninth Century BC is bracketed by 2 royal queenies that together are the inspiration for "Queen of Heaven" devotion that my man Jeremiah (a man for these times, gotta love him!!!) so lamented. Queen Asenath was better known as Asherah and her grandson's wife Queen Shammurammat lived on as Semiramis, but the Queen of Heaven was the moniker these worthy queens both shared that lives on forever.

"Besides," the women added, "do you suppose that we were burning incense and pouring out liquid offerings to the Queen of Heaven, and making cakes marked with her image, without our husbands knowing it and helping us? Of course not!" - Jeremiah 44:19

So do not pray for this people nor offer any plea or petition for them; do not plead with me, for I will not listen to you. ¹⁷ Do you not see what they are doing in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem? ¹⁸ The children gather wood, the fathers light the fire, and the women knead the dough and make cakes of bread for the Queen of Heaven. They pour out drink offerings to other gods to provoke me to anger. ¹⁹ But am I the one they are provoking? declares the LORD. Are they not rather harming themselves, to their own shame? - Jeremiah 7:16-19

Early on you have Asenath / Asherah / Ashratu / Tuya, remembered for centuries as the Goddess Asherah, her memory only to be melded with and eclipsed by Queen Shammuramat, the Wife of her grandson Shamshi-Adad V (Machir) who is the primary manifestation of the Goddess known to this day in Persian and Greek legend as Semiramis.

The Queen of Heaven

b circa 902 bc

Queen Asherah aka Asenath Ashratu Tuya

(aka Athirat, Ashtart, Ishtar, Elat, Asertu, Ashtoreth, Hertu, Qudshu, Qodesh, Pyhi, Hanna, Edna, Jochebed)

- daughter of dad Potiphera (read Pharaoh Poti, Thutmose IV / King David) and mom Queen Iaret-Wadjet

- wife of Yuya Joseph Tushratta (aka Yusuf / Asurnasirpal)

- mother of Queen Tiye Zipporah (Queen of Sheba)

- mother of Prince Aanen Manasseh (aka Shaulmaneser III / Amenhotep III / Solomon / King of Kings)

- mother or stepmother of Aye Ephraim

Queen of Heaven II

b circa 845 bc

Queen Shammuramat aka Semiramis / Maachah / Maacah / Derket

By legend (semiramis), daughter of "Fish Goddess" Artagatis / Artegatis, indicating she may have been a granddaughter of Artatama, Isaac / Is-haq.

Cephelion states that Belimus / Belochus was the father of Semiramis II, and that his reign began in the 640th year from Ninus or the 702nd year of the Assyrian Empire. In terms of BC chronology? She seems to fit in towards the end of the 25 Assyrian Kings of Abydenus, which would put her in the right era to be the wife of Machir, Shamshi- Adad V, son of Salmanessah.

- daughter of dad Talmai, King of Geshur / (Belimus / Belochus)

- daughter of mom Abital? /

- Living Wife of Shamshi-Adad V (Machir)

- mother of Adad-Nirari III (Absalom?)

- sister of Shephatiah

Considering this fine Lady was the daughter of King Talmai (compare with Talmud) and the mother of Absalom, she carried forth the prime Eastern line and also played a role in the emerging Israel and Judah to the West. Remembered as Maacah, she was likely a role model for Queen Alexandra Salome so fondly memorialized as the mighty royal female Shlomo, maternal founder of the Maccabean / Hasmonean Dynasty, the feminine equivalent of her ancestor Solomon / Salman, and even was an archetype model for Queen Salome daughter of Queen Herodias, Salome being recorded in scripture as Mary Magdelene, but more fully she was the wife of Jesus, King Aristobulus of Chalcis, and she was primary author of the Book of John.

980BC to 930BC; New Chronology of History. Yuya Joseph emerges

As the first post in our organic review of the past 3,000 years, we look at a time of Patriarchs and Egyptian rule, with stirrings from faraway lands. It is clear that as more overlapping eras and dynasties are discovered, this chronology may have to be compressed further, but that's the beauty of the blog format and the ability of readers to post comments and corrections.

The errors in the old chronology arose from one main flaw in methodology, and that was stacking the Egyptian dynasties end-to-end without realizing that many of them overlapped, with simultaneous kingdoms in Lower Egypt (Egypt / Israel) and in Upper Egypt (Ethiopia / Judah). When the overlapping dynasties are taken into account, one begins to realize that many of the events you were taught had taken place from 1,100BC to 1,400BC (New Kingdom, particularly 18th Dynasty) actually occurred between about 800BC and 1,000BC.

New Chronology impact on Findings of Ahmed Osman, by Charles Pope

Circa 1,000BC to 950BC:

Iron Age begins

1,000BC - Zhou Mo Wang crowned King of the Zhou Dynasty in China

Rig-Veda is composed in India

957 BC - Reign of Zhou Dynasty ends

952 BC - Thersippus, King of Athens, dies and is succeeded by his son Phorbas

Circa 950BC to 900BC:

950 BC - Phoenicians build fortified city of Tyre on the Mediterranean sea

New Kingdom Egypt is Centralized under Amenhotep II and his sons Thutmose IV and Yuya

Yuya; Joseph wearing a Coat of Many Colours

As Yuya will emerge as one of the central characters in this review of human history, let's look at some of the titles Yuya held and names he was known by:

(Respect to www.DomainOfMan.com, Wikipedia.org and others):

Osarseph

Vizier Seph

Joseph of Genesis

Joseph in the Bible

Master of the Horse

Commander of the Chariotry

Superintendent of Cattle

Overseer of the Cattle of Amun and Min

Lord of Akhmin

Deputy of His Majesty in the Chariotry

Bearer of the Ring of the King of Lower Egypt

Mouth of the King of Upper Egypt

Prophet of Min

King's Lieutenant

The Wise One

Favorite of the Good God

Great Prince

Great of Love

Unique Friend

Beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands

One Made Great by the Lord

He Whom the King Has Made His Double

The Holy Father of the Lord of the Two Lands

Father to Pharaoh

Father of the God

King Reuel

Irhuleni of Hamath

Amram

King Omri

Imram

So, before there was Yusuf or Yosef or Jose there was Yuya, whose grandson King Tutankhamen Joshua would be the forerunner and harbinger of Jesus Aristobulus who would share our gorgeous planet some 800 years later.

Here are alternate spellings of Yuya:

Iouiya

Yaa

Ya

Yiya

Yayi

Yu

Yuyu

Yaya

Yiay

Yia

Yuy

Some believe that even YHWH and Yahweh are memories of the goodness of Yuya. Predecessors in the role of "Joseph" include Imhotep of the 3rd Dynasty and Inyotef (Sargon in the OT) of the 11th Dynasty.

922 BC - Phorbas of Athens dies and is succeeded by his son Megacles

3,000 Year Global History Chronology; 2nd project for this blog

In light of all the revelations of the past decade, my feeling is it would be wise to post an organic review of the past 3,000 years of human history. I'll be continuing the fictionalized autobiography of Josephus here on Solar Intelligence, but I may post all the past 30 centuries first, so that they can be expanded but remain in the proper order.

If we are going to cover 980BC to 2020AD, I believe we can start with 50 year increments and use that format right up to 1500, then go in 20 year increments until 1800, and then decade by decade until 2000, and then year by year until 2020. That will make about 100 posts, perhaps a bigger project than I had imagined...

Let's start with 980BC to 120AD, an incredibly formative period that covers almost every event described in the Old Testament and the New Testament.

Television doc illustrates Black Pharaohs from Kush in Ancient Egypt

The Black Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

27 December 2007

The Black Pharaohs documentary on the Australian Broadcasting Corp.

article from: TV Documentary on Black Egyptian Pharaohs

Dr Vivian Davies claims that a recently discovered set of hieroglyphs proves that, in 800 BC, Egypt was under the rule of black Pharaohs from neighbouring Nubia.

This film examines the impact of these sensational discoveries. “Listen to me you who are upon earth…For I warn of the coming of Kush.”

This inscription details an Egyptian tomb owner’s role in saving Egypt from death and destruction in a war fought with the Kingdom of Kush (modern-day Sudan) in 1600 BC.

Historians have long known about Kush, but relegated its importance to a vassal state of Egypt, significant only for its gold reserves. Early excavations in the Kush capital at Kerma suffered from the innate racism of the archaeologists.

Fabulous grave goods, discovered in the 20th century, were thought to have belonged to Kush’s Egyptian overlords. They didn’t consider that a black African culture could have challenged Egypt’s supremacy.

The inscription exposed the truth. Although it won battles, Kush eventually lost the war, and for the next 1000 years, Egypt had the upper hand. But the inscription served as a warning prophecy to Egypt that it might pay a high price.

The enslaved Kushites would have their revenge. Allowed, and even encouraged, to rebuild their own kingdom along the lines of Egypt, in 747 BC, Kush attacked the Pharaoh’s power in a daring land grab.

The Kushite king, Piye, overthrew the yoke, conquered mighty Egypt and established a 100-year rule of black Pharaohs. Even after being ousted from the Egyptian throne, Kushite kings continued to rule an empire as mighty as any, until the arrival of Alexander the Great.

For a number of years, British Museum archaeologists have been making find after find in the Upper Nile Valley to substantiate this story - huge lost pyramids, burial chambers of 200 workers, and stores of gold.

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