270 BC to 230 BC; Carthage Oligarchy to Canpus Decree

Around 270 BC, Carthage, already in control of Sardinia, southern Spain and Numidia, is ruled by an oligarchy of merchants under two Suffetes or chief magistrates. While Carthage's military commanders are strong, the state relies on mercenaries (including Spanish ones) for its soldiers.

About 268 BC, the Roman denarius coin is minted for the first time.

Research on Successor of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter.

Research on Alexander the Great Successor's Antipater and Cassander

Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of theIndian subcontinent from 269 BC to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India. Eventually espousing a form of societal cooperation and non-violence, Ashoka was a pioneering leader and revered in his time and beyond. An emblem excavated from his empire is today the national Emblem of India. In the History of Buddhism Ashoka is considered just after Gautama Buddha.

Circa 265 BC in China, the Confucian philosopher Xunzi visits the State of Qin. He writes of his and others' admiration for the government officials of Qin, whom he says are serious and sincere, free from the tendency to form cliques. The Qin officials are disciplined by ameritocracy of rather harsh methods imposed by the Legalist philosophy.

Around 250 BC, Ptolemy II encourages the Jewish residents of Alexandria to have their Bible translated into Greek. Because around seventy translators are used to achieve this, the translation is known as the Septuagint.

In Ptolemy III Euergetes' ninth regnal year (239 BC), a great assembly of priests at Canopus passed an honorific decree (the "Decree of Canopus") that, inter alia, conferred various new titles on the king and his consort, Berenice. Two examples of this decree are known, inscribed in Egyptian (in both hieroglyphic and Demotic (Egyptian)) and in classical Greek, and they were second only to the more famous Rosetta Stone in providing the key to deciphering the ancient Egyptian language.

During 230 BC, The Temple of Horus in Edfu (known then as Apollonopolis Magna), Egypt, is begun by King Ptolemy III, and in China, the state of Han is conquered by the state of Qin.