410 BC to 350 BC; Organic Review of 3,000 Years of Global History

Readers are invited to post occurrences and opinions, lives and interpretations relative to the post provided for each time period. Consider this as a first draft, to be expanded in the months and years ahead.

Academia and culture were in conflict with the oppressors in Athens, as Aristophanes' comedies protested war and in 403 BC Socrates refused to cooperate with the 30 tyrants. By 399 BC, Socrates was tried and executed in Athens.

Circa 410 BC, Carthage's Iberian colonies revolt and secede cutting off Carthage's major supply of silver and copper. Hannibal Mago, the grandson of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar (who unsuccessfully invaded Sicily in 480 BC), begins preparations to reclaim Sicily.

Around 400 BC, Artaxerxes II King of Persia appoints Tissaphernes to take over all the districts in Asia Minor over which Artaxerxes II's brother Cyrus had been governor before his revolt. London has its origins on a rise above marshy waters at the point where the Walbrook joins the River Thames. The Celtic king, Belin, rebuilds an earth wall surrounding a few dozen huts and orders a small landing place to be cut into the south side of the wall, along the river front, where a wooden quay is built (approximate date).

Amyrtaeus of Sais successfully completes a revolt against Persian control by gaining control of all of Upper Egypt. By 390 BC, the Pharaoh of Egypt, Hakor (Akoris), concludes a tripartite alliance with Evagoras, king of Cyprus, and Athens. Circa 384 BC, Aristotle was born, and four years later the Egyptian Pharaoh Hakor dies and is succeeded by his son Nepherites II, but he is overthrown by Nectanebo I within the year, ending the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt. Nectanabo (or more properly Nekhtnebef) becomes the first Pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt.

By 360 BC, with the assistance of King Agesilaus II of Sparta, Nectanebo II deposes Teos and becomes king of Egypt. Teos flees to Susa and makes peace with the Persians. Nectanebo II is reported to have paid the Spartans 230 talents for their help.

Notable births in this era included Philip II of Macedonia (b 382 bc). Chinese astronomers Gan De and Shi Shen, Chinese philosopher and sage Mencius (b 371 bc; expanded upon and expounded teachings of Confucious), and Ptolemy I Soter (b 367 bc). By the middle of the century, Panini describes the grammar and morphology of Sanskrit in the text Ashtadhyayi. Panini's standardized Sanskrit is today known as Classical Sanskrit.

Also close to 350 BC, Aristotle argues for a spherical Earth using lunar eclipses and other observations, and he discusses logical reasoning in Organon.

530 BC to 490 BC; A review of Global History

Here you will find an organic open source review of world history, Feel free to add events and interpretations for eas time period in the Comments section below, and I will expand each post as new research comes to Light.

The era around 500 BC represents Persia at the top of the world, with Darius proclaiming Aramaic to be the official language of the western half of the Empire.

Empires to come in Macedonia (Alexander I succeeds his father Amyntas I) and Rome (first consuls just now being elected) were still far off, and the foundations of Buddhism were being laid in in India with the birth and revelatory teachings of Siddartha Gautama. Cleisthenes was refining the practice of democracy in Athens, and in China Confucious had been appointed Governor of the Province of Chung-tu, near present day Beijing.

Circa 493 BC, Athenian people elect Themistocles as archon, the chief judicial and civilian executive officer in Athens. He favours resistance against the Persians.

580 BC to 530 BC; Transition from Egypt to Persia

In this organic review of the past 3,000 years of global history, each post is a preliminary sketch intended to be fleshed out by future expansion and edits, and augmented by wonderful contributions from you dear reader.

One may characterize this era as a period where the Middle Earth royal family moved back eastward toward some Mesopotamian origins, and ruled the world from a new head quarters in Persia. After the Exodus, Egypt had lost a strong portion of leadership; Palestine and later Rome would be the major beneficiaries of the northern migration of the Hebrew people.

Circa 572 BC King Zhou Jian Wang of the Zhou Dynasty passes away in China, and within two years Pharaoh Amasis II of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty in Egypt would succeed Apries Wahibre Haaibre, Fourth King of the 26th dynasty, who was also known as Waphres Hophra. Apries inherited the throne from his father, pharaoh Psamtik II, in February 589 BC.

Circa 562 BC—Amel-Marduk succeeds Nebuchadnezzar II as king of Babylon. A few years later around 559 BC King Cambyses I of Anshan dies and is succeeded by his son Cyrus II the Great.

In 550 BC, halfway through the century two momentous events would occur:

Cyrus the Great establishes the Persian Empire

Siddartha Gautama Buddha founded Buddhsim in northeastern India

By 546 BC Cyrus had captured major Greek cities, providing ports and access to the Mediterranean for his growing Persian Empire. In 540 BC King Amyntas I of Macedon is crowned. What began as a small vassal or client state of King Darius Hyspastes of Persia (Darius I), would a couple of centuries later grow to become the strongest power in the world under Alexander the Great, whose territories would include most of the Persian Empire and new lands to the west.

630 BC to 580 BC: A Fresh Look at Global History

Please consider each post in this organic review of 3,000 years of world history as a preliminary piece, to be expanded by you the reader in the Comments section below and by myself through updates and responses to Comments. The period from about 600 BC forward is much better documented than earlier eras, so dates of events can become more accurate.

Circa 627 BC—Death of Assurbanipal, king of Assyria; he is succeeded by Assur-etel-ilani.

The prophet Jeremiah is reported to have ministered and taught from around 626 BC until about 587 BC; if this is accurate, he may have been a "Joseph" to five Kings of Judah: Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoichin and Zedekiah. Each of these rulers was likely known by other names to other peoples, and we will try to expand this post to include some of that information in coming months.

Around 619 BC King Zhou Xiang Wang of China passed away, and the next year Zho Qing Wang became King of the Zhou Dynasty. By 600 BC a highly civilized society had emerged in India.